Differential Cardio-Hepatic and Serum Mineral Responses to Orange-Peel, Date-Seed, and Common-Bean-Seed Extracts During Chronic Aspirin Exposure in Female Rats

Abstract

Background: Chronic aspirin exposure can alter biochemical indices across several organ systems, whereas plant-derived phenolic compounds may modify these responses. Objective: The study evaluated the effects of hot ethanolic extracts of orange peel (Citrus sinensis), date seeds (Phoenix dactylifera), and common-bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris) on cardiac biomarkers, hepatic enzymes, and serum minerals in female rats receiving aspirin. Methods: Twenty-five female albino rats (approximately 250 g) were allocated to five groups (n=5): control (C), aspirin 20 mg/kg (A), orange-peel extract 150 mg/kg plus aspirin (B), date-seed extract 150 mg/kg plus aspirin (T), and bean-seed extract 150 mg/kg plus aspirin (F). Treatments were administered orally once daily for 30 days. Serum myoglobin, troponin I, CK-MB, ALT, AST, ALP, potassium, chloride, sodium, and calcium were quantified. Data are expressed as mean ± SD and group differences were evaluated by one-way ANOVA with Fisher's least significant difference criterion at P<0.05. Results: Date-seed treatment produced the lowest CK-MB value (0.46±0.15 ng/mL) and maintained myoglobin at 0.72±0.09 ng/mL, both sharing the lowest significance class with control. Orange-peel plus aspirin showed the highest troponin I (0.026±0.006 ng/mL) and CK-MB (0.90±0.08 ng/mL). Hepatic responses differed sharply from the cardiac pattern: bean-seed plus aspirin produced the highest ALT (486.4±42.7 U/L) and AST (526.6±35.8 U/L), whereas aspirin alone and orange-peel plus aspirin had the lowest aminotransferase activities. ALP was lowest in control (53.332±3.11 U/L) and highest in aspirin and orange-peel groups. Bean-seed treatment also produced the highest chloride (110.2±0.37 mmol/L) and sodium (155.6±2.50 mmol/L), while date-seed and bean-seed treatments increased potassium. Conclusion: The three extracts produced distinct biochemical profiles rather than a uniform protective response. Date-seed extract showed the most favorable cardiac-biomarker pattern, whereas bean-seed extract was associated with pronounced hepatic-enzyme and electrolyte shifts. Orange-peel extract showed selective effects that differed between cardiac and hepatic endpoints.